CH12 DRIVERS ED HIDDEN MESSAGE MANUAL

Like medical problems, psychological disorders have both biological (nature) as well as environmental (nurture) influences. They are out of the patientвЂ™s control, they may in some cases be treated by drugs, and their treatment is often covered by medical insurance.

Defining DisorderДЄ psychological disorder is an ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behaviour that causes significant distress, and that is considered deviant in that personвЂ™s culture or society (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2007).В Psychological disorders have much in common with other medical disorders. Then in Chapter 14, вЂњTreating Psychological Disorders,вЂќ we will turn to consider the treatment of these disorders through psychotherapy and drug therapy.

We will review the major psychological disorders and consider their causes and their impact on the people who suffer from them. In this chapter our focus is on the disorders themselves. Prevalence Rates for Psychological Disorders in Canada, 2012, adapted by J. Table 13.1, вЂњPrevalence Rates for Psychological Disorders in Canada, 2012,вЂќ shows the prevalence, the frequency of occurrence of a given condition in a population at a given time, of some of the major psychological disorders in Canada. Thus the understanding and treatment of psychological disorder has broad implications for the everyday life of many people. People with psychological disorders are also stigmatized by the people around them, resulting in shame and embarrassment, as well as prejudice and discrimination against them. The impact of mental illness is particularly strong on people who are poorer, of lower socioeconomic class, and from disadvantaged ethnic groups. In 2012, approximately 2.8 million people, or 10.1% of Canadians aged 15 and older, reported symptoms consistent with at least one of six mental or substance use disorders in the past 12 months (Pearson, Janz, & Ali, 2013).В At least a half billion people are affected worldwide.В The six disorders measured by the Canadian Mental Health Survey were major depressive episode, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and abuse of or dependence on alcohol, cannabis, or other drugs. This emphasis on abnormal psychologyВ - the application of psychological science to understanding and treating mental disordersВ - is appropriate, as more psychologists are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorder than in any other endeavour, and these are probably the most important tasks psychologists face. The focus of this chapter and the next is, to many people, the heart of psychology.

Describe the stigma of psychological disorders and their impact on those who suffer from them.

CH12 DRIVERS ED HIDDEN MESSAGE MANUAL

Explain why it is so difficult to define disorder, and how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM) is used to make diagnoses.

Define вЂњpsychological disorderвЂќ and summarize the general causes of disorder.

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